Even small variations in tension can cause the piano to sound out of tune, which can make it difficult for musicians to play and for listeners to enjoy the music. For piano students, incorrect tuning can make learning more difficult, as they may have difficulty understanding harmonies and learning the appropriate ear.

Renovation often involves updating the piano with modern technology or changes to the appearance of the piano. The goal of piano renovation is to improve the piano's functionality and appearance, rather than just returning it to its original condition.

Piano restoration is the process of returning a piano to its original condition, including both the internal mechanics and the exterior finish. The goal of piano restoration is to return the piano to its original condition, both functionally and aesthetically.